Introduction
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is affected your Healthy life and this is occurs when the body fails to produce or effectively utilize insulin, a hormone regulating blood glucose levels. This leads to hyperglycemia, causing damage to organs, nerves, and blood vessels.
Many types of this disease was seen from last some years. All these types are dependent on patient’s age and time of disease. This also affect to young generation along with elders. With the time this disease is very dangerous and painful for patient and finally this made a cause of death.
Type -1 Diabetes
This is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with Type 1 diabetes are unable to produce insulin, a hormone that is essential for regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Insulin helps glucose enter the body’s cells, where it can be used for energy. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels, which can be harmful over time.
This type (previously known as insulin-dependent, juvenile or childhood-onset) is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. In 2017 there were 9 million people with type 1 diabetes; the majority of them live in high-income countries. Neither its cause nor the means to prevent it are known.
Type -2 Diabetes
This is directly affect to the system that is controller of body sugar uses. It stops the body from using insulin properly, which can lead to high levels of blood sugar if not treated.
This type is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. Unlike Type 1 , where the body does not produce insulin, Type 2 occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to meet the body’s needs. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar (glucose) by allowing it to enter the cells for energy. When insulin is not effective, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Over time, this diabetes can cause serious damage to the body, especially nerves and blood vessels.
Type 2 is often preventable. Factors that contribute to developing type 2 include being overweight, not getting enough exercise, and genetics.
More than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2. This was formerly called non-insulin dependent, or adult onset. Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults but it is now also occurring increasingly frequently in children.
Symptoms & Effects
Symptoms of this disease can be seen suddenly but type -2 Diabetes’s symptoms are mild and that may take time of years to noticed.
Early symptoms:
– Increased thirst and urination
– Fatigue
– Blurred vision
– Slow healing wounds
Long-term complications:
– Cardiovascular disease
– Nerve damage (neuropathy)
– Kidney damage (nephropathy)
– Blindness (retinopathy)
– Amputations
With the time this is damage to the blood vessels in the heart, eye, kidney and nerves.
People have a high risk with heart attack, heart stroke and kidney failure.
This disease can be a cause of loss of eye vision permanently by damaged eye blood vessels.
Many people with this disease develop problems with their feet from nerve damage and poor blood flow. This can cause foot ulcers and may lead to amputation.
Management and Treatment
1. Medications (oral and injectable)
2. Insulin therapy
3. Lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight management)
4. Regular monitoring and screening
5. YOGA
Some people with type 2 will need to take medicines to help manage their blood sugar levels. These can include insulin injections or other medicines. Some examples include:
- metformin
- sulfonylureas
- sodium-glucose co-transporters type 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors.
Additional medical care may be needed to treat the effects of this disease:
- foot care to treat ulcers
- screening and treatment for kidney disease
- eye exams to screen for retinopathy (which causes blindness).
Prevention
1. Healthy diet
2. Regular physical activity
3. Maintaining a healthy weight
4. Avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption
Stay physically active with at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.
Some Histories
Global Diabetes Statistics (2021):
1. Total cases: 537 million (8.8% of adults)
2. Projected cases by 2045: 784 million (10.2% of adults)
3. Deaths attributed to this disease: 6.7 million (12% of global deaths)
4. Diabetes-related healthcare expenditure: $966 billion
Top 10 Countries with Highest Diabetes Prevalence (2021):
1. China: 141 million
2. India: 74 million
3. United States: 34 million
4. Indonesia: 22 million
5. Pakistan: 19 million
6. Brazil: 18 million
7. Japan: 16 million
8. Mexico: 14 million
9. Russia: 13 million
10. Bangladesh: 12 million
Sources:
1. International Diabetes Federation (IDF)
2. World Health Organization (WHO)
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
World Diabetes Day – 14 NOV
This day provides an opportunity to raise awareness of this disease as a global public health issue and what needs to be done, collectively and individually, for better prevention, diagnosis and management of the condition.
World Diabetes Day 2024
This year’s theme is “Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps: uniting to strengthen diabetes well-being”
Share this content: